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The market is segmented into various types of water treatment chemicals, including coagulants, flocculants, disinfectants, pH adjusters, corrosion inhibitors, scale inhibitors, and others. Each of these subsegments plays a crucial role in the treatment process, addressing specific water quality issues.
The end-user segmentation includes municipal water treatment, industrial water treatment, agricultural water treatment, and others. Each segment has distinct requirements and applications for water treatment chemicals, driven by the specific needs of the sector.
Inorganic Coagulants
Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC): Al₂O₃ content ≥28% (solid) / ≥10% (liquid); Basicity 40%–60%; Water insoluble matter ≤0.6%; pH (1% solution) 3.5–5.0
Polyferric Sulfate (PFS): Total iron content ≥19% (solid) / ≥11% (liquid); Basicity 8%–16%; Reducing substances ≤0.15%; pH (1% solution) 2.0–3.0
Organic Flocculants (Polyacrylamide, PAM)
Anionic PAM: Molecular weight 12–18 million; Degree of hydrolysis 25%–30%; Solid content ≥90%
Cationic PAM: Molecular weight 8–12 million; Ionicity 10%–60%; Solid content ≥90%
Nonionic PAM: Molecular weight 8–16 million; Degree of hydrolysis ≤5%; Solid content ≥90%
| Type | Appearance | Solid Content | pH Range | Temperature Resistance | Defoaming Speed | Foam Suppression Duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Silicone-based | Milky white emulsion | 20%–35% | 6–9 | 0–150℃ | ≤10 seconds | ≥24 hours |
| Polyether-based (silicone-free) | Pale yellow transparent liquid | 30%–50% | 1–14 | 0–120℃ | ≤15 seconds | ≥12 hours |
| Silicone-polyether composite | Translucent emulsion | 25%–40% | 2–13 | 0–130℃ | ≤8 seconds | ≥36 hours |
| Mineral oil-based | Light brown oily liquid | 60%–80% | 5–9 | ≤60℃ | ≤20 seconds | ≥8 hours |
Hydroxyethylidene Diphosphonic Acid (HEDP): Active content ≥50% (liquid) / ≥90% (solid); Density 1.36–1.40 g/cm³; Phosphorous acid ≤2.0%; Calcium chelating value ≥450 mg/g; pH (1% solution) 2–3
2-Hydroxyphosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA): Solid content ≥50%; Density ≥1.20 g/cm³; pH (1% solution) 3–4; Carbon steel corrosion inhibition rate ≥90%
Composite corrosion & scale inhibitor: Solid content ≥32%; Density ≥1.15 g/cm³; Phosphate ≥6.8%; Azole ≥1.0%–3.0%; pH (1% solution) 1.5–4.5
Silane-based aluminum corrosion inhibitor: Effective content ≥99%; pH 6–8; Miscible with water in any ratio; Phosphorus-free
Oxidizing Biocides
Sodium Hypochlorite: Available chlorine 10%–13%; Free alkali ≤0.1%; Iron ≤0.005%
Chlorine Dioxide: Stable solution concentration 2%–20%; Sterilization rate ≥99.9%; pH range 6–10; Residual validity up to 48 hours
Non-oxidizing Biocides
Isothiazolinone: Active matter content 14%–15%; pH 2–4; Heterotrophic bacteria kill rate ≥99%
Quaternary Ammonium Salts: Active matter content 40%–45%; pH 6–8; Triple functions of sterilization, slime stripping and corrosion inhibition
Alkaline Adjusters
Sodium Hydroxide (caustic soda flakes): Purity ≥96% / ≥99%; Sodium carbonate ≤0.5%; Sodium chloride ≤0.03%; pH of 1% solution ≥13
Composite Alkali: Gray-white powder; Alkalinity ≥96% (as NaOH); Acid insoluble matter ≤8%; pH of 1% solution 11–14
Calcium Hydroxide (lime): Effective CaO ≥85%; Fineness 200–325 mesh
Acidic Adjusters
Industrial Sulfuric Acid: Concentration 98%; Iron ≤0.005%; Transparency ≥50 mm
Hydrochloric Acid: Concentration 31%; Iron ≤0.001%; Free chlorine ≤0.005%
Disodium EDTA (traditional chelating agent): Purity ≥99.0%; Calcium chelating value ≥330 mg/g; pH (1% solution) 4.0–5.0; Water insoluble matter ≤0.1%
HEDP (organic phosphonic chelator): Active content ≥50%; Calcium chelating value ≥450 mg/g; Iron ≤20 mg/L; pH 2–3
Heavy Metal Chelating Agent (DTC type): Effective content ≥40%; pH range 4–11; Free substance ≤0.5%; Removal rate ≥99% for copper/nickel/mercury
MGDA (green chelating agent): Purity ≥40%; Calcium chelating value ≥300 mg CaCO₃/g; 28-day biodegradation rate ≥80%; Phosphorus-free and nitrogen-free
Organic Phosphonic Type (HEDP/ATMP): Active content ≥50%; Density ≥1.36 g/cm³; Calcium carbonate scale inhibition rate ≥90%; pH 2–3
Polycarboxylic Type (PAA/HPMA): Solid content ≥30%; Density ≥1.05 g/cm³; Molecular weight 3,000–5,000; Scale inhibition rate ≥85%
Phosphonocarboxylic Type (PBTCA): Active content ≥50%; High calcium tolerance; High temperature and chlorine oxidation resistance; pH 2–3
RO-specific Scale Inhibitor: Colorless to pale yellow liquid; pH 2.0±0.5; Specific gravity 1.08–1.45; LSI tolerance ≤3.0; NSF certified for drinking water
Phosphorus-free Eco-friendly Type (PASP/PESA): Solid content ≥40%; Biodegradation rate ≥60%; Calcium carbonate scale inhibition rate ≥90%
